Class Notes: September 22, 2007

Class Notes and Comments

Lesson 14: Important Sections and points (but read all the Sections):

90. See the Sidebar for the vocabulary list of all words, including the extra words, as well as for audio files of the vocabulary. ειδον is the 2nd Aorist of οραω, a word you'll meet in Lesson 21 when you're introduced to "Contract Verbs" - i.e., verbs whose stems ends in α (αγαπαω), ε (ποιεω), or ο (πληροω), which contract with the connecting ε or ο per the chart in Lesson 21 Section 146.

91. Read this.

92., 93. and 94. Memorize the 2nd Aorist Active and Middle Indicative and Active and Middle Infinitive. The endings are the same as for the Imperfect Active and Middle/Passive (Lesson 10 Section 65 and Lesson 11 Section 70.). The Aorist Passive is a separate form that you'll learn in Lesson 16 (but I've already given it to you on the Indicative Verbs Chart). Also, even though the 2nd Aorist Active and Middle Infinitive have the same endings as the Present Active and Middle/Passive Infinitives (i.e., -ειν and -εσθαι), the accent is not on the verb stem but on the -ειν ending of the Active Infinitive and on the -εσ of the -εσθαι ending of the Middle Infinitive.

95. Memorize all these forms of 2nd Aorists. Read the "final note" about the verbs that are a mix of 1st and 2nd Aorists.

96. Do all the Exercises and check your answers. See the Sidebar for Exercises Answers. For the English to Greek Exercises, you can refer to the "Greek to English Vocabulary" section in the back of the book for aorist forms of verbs to see if you figured them out correctly. Alternatively, you can look at the Principal Parts lists in the Greek New Testament Insert or look up the verbs in the Dictionary in the back of your Greek New Testament. (Note: if a verb is regular in its principal parts formation, the textbook and the GNT Dictionary may not list the principal parts.)

Memorize the Present Active Participle forms, as shown on the Present Active Participle Chart in the Sidebar, noting the 3rd Declension endings as shown in the Chart. I also gave you a copy of the chart at class September 22.

Our reading next week will continue at Mark 2, if we continue in Mark. I'm thinking, though, that we may start the Gospel of John, as you've now learned a lot of the forms (imperfects, aorists) that would have made it too difficult before.

Class Notes: September 15, 2007

Class Notes and Comments

See Class Notes: September 8, 2007. Due to limited attendance and a couple new students today, our class was a review and no new material was introduced. So next week will be like this week would have been. ;^)

Also: Memorize the Present Active Participle forms, as shown on the Present Active Participle Chart in the Sidebar.

Class Notes: September 8, 2007

Class Notes and Comments

Lesson 13: Important Sections and points (but read all the Sections):

82. See the Sidebar for the vocabulary list of all words, including the extra words, as well as for audio files of the vocabulary. Note that ολος is used in the predicate position - i.e., ολος ο λαος = "the whole people"

83. See the Comments from last week's class on "principal parts," as well as the "Indicative Verbs Chart" in the sidebar under the "VERBS" section for a chart that lays out the patterns and formations for verbs.

84. Read this, and if you have the Greek New Testament Insert (I'll have copies for everyone else next Saturday), read the following sections on Verbs beginning on p. 19:

• "The Verbs: Tense and Aspect" (pp. 19-21)
• "Time, Aspect, and Verbal Mood" (p. 22)
• "Voices" (pp. 22-23)
• "Moods" (pp. 23-24)
• "Indicative Verbs" (pp. 24-30)

Memorize the forms of the Future Active and Middle Indicative (the Future Passive will be learned in Lesson 16 Section 111). Note that (for regular verbs) they are identical to the Present Active and Middle Indicative except for the inclusion of a σ between the stem and the ending.

85.-87. Memorize these forms of the First Aorist.

88. Read/study this Section (see Section 78 re: the final stem consonant changes). You should have the chart in Section 78 memorized - better yet, see the more complete chart I refer you to in my Comments on Section 78 from last week, which shows what the consonants change to when they combine with a σ.

89. Do all the Exercises and check your answers. See the Sidebar for Exercises Answers. For the English to Greek Exercises, you can refer to the "Greek to English Vocabulary" section in the back of the book for aorist forms of verbs to see if you figured them out correctly. Alternatively, you can look at the Principal Parts lists in the Greek New Testament Insert or look up the verbs in the Dictionary in the back of your Greek New Testament. (Note: if a verb is regular in its principal parts formation, the textbook and the GNT Dictionary may not list the principal parts.)

Our reading next week will continue at Mark 2, if we continue in Mark.

Class Notes: September 1, 2007

Class Notes and Comments

Lesson 12: Important Sections and points (but read all the Sections):

74. See the Sidebar for the vocabulary list of all words, including the extra words, as well as for audio files of the vocabulary.

75. Greek verbs have six "principal parts," and when you see a verb in a lexicon or in the Greek to English Vocabulary in the back of the textbook, the verb's principal parts will be listed. (If there is a --, that means that there is no New Testament occurrence of that principal part of that verb.) The six principal parts in order are:

1. Present
2. Future
3. Aorist
4. Perfect Active
5. Perfect Passive
6. Aorist Passive (from which the Future Passive is formed)

A regular verb may be "deponent" in one or more of its principal parts. Some verbs are very irregular, and some of their principal parts may use stems that are quite different from the Present stem. With "regular" verbs like λυω, one can easily figure out the other five principal parts from the Present stem once one knows the regular principal parts patterns. With irregular verbs (i.e., verbs that have different stems for one or more principal parts), one has to memorize or learn to recognize the various principal parts for those verbs. Fortunately, few verbs have more than three different stems that are used for the principal parts, and some of those that do are common verbs that you'll encounter a lot and thus become familiar with (e.g., λεγω, ερχομαι).

The basic principal part formations for regular verbs (i.e., where the same stem occurs in all six principal parts) are as follows:

1. Present: present stem + thematic vowel (ε or ο) + ending: λυ-ω (the ο thematic vowel contracts with the ω ending in the 1st-person singular) (Imperfect: ε augment + present stem + thematic vowel + ending: ε-λυ-ο-ν)
   
2. Future: present stem + σ + thematic vowel + ending: λυ-σ-ω (the ο thematic vowel contracts with the ω ending in the 1st-person singular)
3. (1st) Aorist: ε augment + present stem + σα + ending: ε-λυ-σα (no ending in the 1st-person singular) (2nd Aorist follows the Imperfect pattern)
   
4. (1st) Perfect Active: reduplicated initial consonant + ε + present stem + κα + ending: λ-ε-λυ-κα (no ending in the 1st-person singular) (2nd Perfect Active has no κ)
   
5. Perfect Passive: reduplicated initial consonant + ε + present stem + ending: λ-ε-λυ-μαι
6. (1st) Aorist Passive: ε augment + present stem + θη + ending: ε-λυ-θην ((1st) Future Passive: present stem + θησ + thematic vowel + ending: λυ-θησ-ο-μαι) (2nd Aorist/Future Passive has no θ)
   

See the "Indicative Verbs Chart" in the sidebar under the "VERBS" section for a chart that lays out the patterns and formations for verbs.

76. & 77. Memorize the forms of the Future Active and Middle Indicative (the Future Passive will be learned in Lesson 16 Section 111). Note that (for regular verbs) they are identical to the Present Active and Middle Indicative except for the inclusion of a σ between the stem and the ending.

78. Memorize this "chart" of how the various consonants change when they are combined with the σ of the Future tense. I discussed this in more depth when I was using Story & Story's textbook GREEK TO ME (hence my references to "Story" in what I write), which you can read here if you're interested. Read this whole section, as future forms of some of the verbs you know or need to know are discussed.

79. Memorize all of these irregular Future verb forms.

80. Memorize the Future Indicative of ειμι. In the Indicative mood ειμι occurs only in the Present ("I am"), Imperfect ("I was") and Future ("I will be"), so once you learn this, you will know all the Indicative forms of ειμι. There are no Aorist ("I was" as a simple past) or Perfect ("I have been") or Pluperfect ("I had been") forms of ειμι; instead, forms of γινομαι ("I become") or υπαρχω ("I exist") are used.

81. Do all the Exercises and check your answers. See the Sidebar for Exercises Answers. As I mentioned, I may only post the answers to the English to Greek Exercises, as you can view Croy's Answer Key for the Practice and Review Exercises, and you can use your New Testament and Old Testament (or translation of the Septuagint) to check your LXX and NT Exercises.

Our reading next week will continue at Mark 2, if we continue in Mark.